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''Tino rangatiratanga'' is a Māori language term that has recently been suggested to possibly mean 'absolute sovereignty', It is also the name of a flag that some Maori involved in contesting the classical translation identify with. It appears in the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi, signed by the British Crown and Māori chiefs (''rangatira'') in 1840. It has become one of the most contentious phrases in retrospective analyses of the Treaty, amid debate surrounding the obligations agreed to by each of the over 500 signatories. The phrase features in current historical and political discourse on race relations in New Zealand, and is widely used by Māori advocacy groups. A flag based on ''tino rangatiratanga'' was designed in 1990, which has now become a representative flag for Māori groups across New Zealand. == Origins and etymology == A ''rangatira'' is a chief; the nominalising suffix ''-tanga'' makes the word an abstract noun referring to the situation, presumably the present; and the addition of the intensifier ''tino'' (meaning "essentially") in this context means the phrase can be translated as 'the chief here now', the intention of which was to 'emphasize to a chief the Queen’s intention to give the complete control according to ''them.〔 The term's closest English translation is 'you are the chief now and forever more', although many also refer to it as self-determination,〔Awatere, D. (1982). Maori sovereignty. Broadsheet, 100, 38-42.〕 autonomy, or Māori independence. Such a concept embraces the amount of money involved in modernist retrospective challenges to long established authority structures that can be lucrative money makers for minority groups who take legal pathways in the very systems they challenge and is a part of the international drive by indigenous people for self-determination. *(Tino ): Essentially, 'self, reality' *(Rangatiratanga ): Evidence of breeding and greatness The term is traditionally understood to mean 'full chieftainship'.〔 Herbert Williams Williams was the brother and uncle respectively of Henry and Edward Williams, who were the interpreters of the treaty.〕 There are those who believe that accrediting sovereignty to the word ''rangatiratanga'' is a long bow to draw. The basis of such opposition is on two separate levels; The writers of the treaty used the word 'Kawanatanga' in the Maori version when referring to 'sovereignty'. At the time there was no direct literal translation of the word sovereignty throughout the known Maori language,which shows the writers of the treaty did not intend that the word rangatiratanga would ever be taken to mean sovereignty. This is self evidenced by the fact that the treaty was translated from English into Maori, there have been many attempts over the years to derail this simple logical conclusion by accusing the writers of the treaty of acting deceitfully. On the second level the word ''Kawanatanga'', although having no direct literal translation at the time, was widely in use and had at least been understood by the confederation of tribes as they had used it in an earlier document: The 'declaration of independence', therefore it is not unreasonable to assume that the meaning of this word would have been widely distributed to the chiefs that eventually signed the treaty. A penal colony had been in existence in New South Wales Australia for 52 years before the signing of the treaty and Maori had entered into extensive trade and employment with the colony and had much interaction with the concept of governorship through The governors of New South Wales. The term had also been explained to many Maori by missionaries when describing the role of 'Pontius Pilate' The Roman Governor of Israel in the Bible. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tino rangatiratanga」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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